diff --git a/pom.xml b/pom.xml
index b3d2e72..ee9b689 100644
--- a/pom.xml
+++ b/pom.xml
@@ -213,12 +213,8 @@
       <artifactId>aliyun-java-sdk-core</artifactId>
       <version>4.4.3</version>
     </dependency>
-    <!--阿里云文字识别 OCR（身份证/营业执照识别）-->
-    <dependency>
-      <groupId>com.aliyun</groupId>
-      <artifactId>aliyun-java-sdk-ocr</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0.6</version>
-    </dependency>
+    <!-- 证件 OCR（身份证/营业执照识别）已改用百度云 REST 接口，不再依赖 aliyun-java-sdk-ocr：
+         理由见 ADR-0003《证件 OCR 改用百度云》，调用封装在 com.gxwebsoft.hjc.ocr.HjcBaiduOcrClient -->
     <!--阿里支付 老版本 SDK-->
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.alipay.sdk</groupId>
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/ocr/HjcBaiduOcrClient.java b/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/ocr/HjcBaiduOcrClient.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff24625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/ocr/HjcBaiduOcrClient.java
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+package com.gxwebsoft.hjc.ocr;
+
+import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;
+import cn.hutool.http.HttpRequest;
+import cn.hutool.http.HttpResponse;
+import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+
+import java.util.Base64;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * 百度云 OCR REST 客户端（身份证识别 / 营业执照识别）
+ *
+ * <p>接口文档：<a href="https://ai.baidu.com/ai-doc/OCR/rk3h7xzck">身份证识别</a>、
+ * <a href="https://ai.baidu.com/ai-doc/OCR/sk3h7y3zs">营业执照识别</a>。
+ * 调用方式为「先取 access_token，再以表单 POST 传 base64 图片」，不引入百度官方 Java SDK，
+ * 只用项目已有的 hutool-http + fastjson。</p>
+ *
+ * <p><b>token 缓存</b>：access_token 有效期 30 天且<b>跨接口共用</b>，按应用（api-key/secret-key）维度缓存。
+ * 本项目为单实例部署，故只在进程内缓存（{@code volatile} + 到期时间戳 + 双重检查刷新），
+ * 不落 Redis，避免引入一层与 OCR 无关的失败模式。若将来改多实例部署，只需改造
+ * {@link #currentAccessToken()} 与 {@link #refreshAccessToken()}。</p>
+ *
+ * <p><b>失败语义</b>：任何失败都抛 {@link HjcOcrException}，携带百度云 {@code error_code}/{@code log_id}
+ * 或本平台侧错误码，由调用方决定日志与返回。不重试：QPS/额度类错误重试只会更糟。</p>
+ *
+ * <p>本类不打印任何识别内容（姓名、身份证号属个人信息），只记录字段名与错误码。</p>
+ */
+@Component
+public class HjcBaiduOcrClient {
+
+    /** 获取 access_token：POST，参数 grant_type/client_id/client_secret */
+    private static final String TOKEN_URL = "https://aip.baidubce.com/oauth/2.0/token";
+    /** 身份证识别：id_card_side 必填，front=人像面 */
+    private static final String IDCARD_URL = "https://aip.baidubce.com/rest/2.0/ocr/v1/idcard";
+    /** 营业执照识别 */
+    private static final String BUSINESS_LICENSE_URL = "https://aip.baidubce.com/rest/2.0/ocr/v1/business_license";
+
+    /** 连接超时：百度云为公网服务，2s 足够 */
+    static final int CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
+    /** 读取超时：base64 图片上行 + 识别，给 8s */
+    static final int READ_TIMEOUT_MS = 8000;
+
+    /** 提前刷新窗口：缓存的到期时间 = 拿到 token 的时刻 + (expires_in - 本窗口)，即有效期还剩不到 1 小时就重新取 */
+    static final long TOKEN_REFRESH_AHEAD_MS = 60L * 60L * 1000L;
+    /** token 有效期兜底（百度云返回 expires_in 缺失时按 30 天算） */
+    static final long DEFAULT_TOKEN_TTL_MS = 30L * 24L * 60L * 60L * 1000L;
+    /** 刷新后至少缓存 1 分钟，防止 expires_in 异常小导致每次都请求 token */
+    static final long MIN_TOKEN_TTL_MS = 60L * 1000L;
+
+    /** 身份证人像面：id_card_side=front */
+    static final String ID_CARD_SIDE_FRONT = "front";
+
+    @Value("${baidu.ocr.api-key:}")
+    private String apiKey;
+
+    @Value("${baidu.ocr.secret-key:}")
+    private String secretKey;
+
+    /** 缓存的 access_token */
+    private volatile String accessToken;
+    /** 缓存到期时间（epoch millis） */
+    private volatile long accessTokenExpireAt;
+
+    /**
+     * 凭据是否已配置：未配置则调用方跳过识别（不阻断注册）
+     */
+    public boolean isConfigured() {
+        return StrUtil.isNotBlank(apiKey) && StrUtil.isNotBlank(secretKey);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 身份证人像面识别
+     *
+     * @param imageBytes 图片原始字节（内部做 base64 + urlencode）
+     * @return 识别结果（{@code words_result} 的中文 key → 文本）
+     */
+    public Result recognizeIdCardFront(byte[] imageBytes) {
+        return recognize(IDCARD_URL, imageBytes, "id_card_side", ID_CARD_SIDE_FRONT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 营业执照识别
+     *
+     * @param imageBytes 图片原始字节（内部做 base64 + urlencode）
+     * @return 识别结果（{@code words_result} 的中文 key → 文本）
+     */
+    public Result recognizeBusinessLicense(byte[] imageBytes) {
+        return recognize(BUSINESS_LICENSE_URL, imageBytes, null, null);
+    }
+
+    private Result recognize(String apiUrl, byte[] imageBytes, String extraName, String extraValue) {
+        String token = currentAccessToken();
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.post(apiUrl + "?access_token=" + token)
+                .setConnectionTimeout(CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+                .timeout(READ_TIMEOUT_MS)
+                .form("image", Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(imageBytes));
+        if (extraName != null) {
+            request.form(extraName, extraValue);
+        }
+        JSONObject json = parseJson(execute(request), "OCR 识别");
+        int errorCode = json.getIntValue("error_code");
+        if (errorCode != 0) {
+            String errorMsg = json.getString("error_msg");
+            String logId = json.getString("log_id");
+            if (isTokenInvalid(errorCode)) {
+                // 不是重试：只是让下一次调用重新取 token，避免继续用失效 token
+                invalidateAccessToken();
+            }
+            throw new HjcOcrException(errorCode, errorMsg, logId);
+        }
+        Result result = new Result();
+        result.setLogId(json.getString("log_id"));
+        // 身份证接口专属：normal / reversed_side（正反面传错）/ blurred / non_idcard 等
+        result.setImageStatus(json.getString("image_status"));
+        result.setWords(extractWords(json));
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 取可用的 access_token：命中缓存直接返回，否则同步刷新（双重检查，避免并发重复取 token）
+     */
+    private String currentAccessToken() {
+        String cached = this.accessToken;
+        if (cached != null && System.currentTimeMillis() < this.accessTokenExpireAt) {
+            return cached;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (this.accessToken != null && System.currentTimeMillis() < this.accessTokenExpireAt) {
+                return this.accessToken;
+            }
+            refreshAccessToken();
+            return this.accessToken;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void refreshAccessToken() {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.post(TOKEN_URL)
+                .setConnectionTimeout(CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+                .timeout(READ_TIMEOUT_MS)
+                .form("grant_type", "client_credentials")
+                .form("client_id", apiKey)
+                .form("client_secret", secretKey);
+        JSONObject json = parseJson(execute(request), "获取 access_token");
+        String token = json.getString("access_token");
+        if (StrUtil.isBlank(token)) {
+            // 失败响应形如 {"error":"invalid_client","error_description":"unknown client id"}
+            throw new HjcOcrException(HjcOcrException.ERROR_TOKEN_FETCH,
+                    "获取 access_token 失败：" + describeClientError(json), null);
+        }
+        long expiresInSeconds = json.getLongValue("expires_in");
+        long ttlMillis = expiresInSeconds > 0 ? expiresInSeconds * 1000L : DEFAULT_TOKEN_TTL_MS;
+        this.accessToken = token;
+        this.accessTokenExpireAt = System.currentTimeMillis()
+                + Math.max(ttlMillis - TOKEN_REFRESH_AHEAD_MS, MIN_TOKEN_TTL_MS);
+    }
+
+    private void invalidateAccessToken() {
+        this.accessToken = null;
+        this.accessTokenExpireAt = 0L;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 执行一次 HTTP 调用并返回响应体文本。
+     *
+     * <p>该方法是唯一的 HTTP 出口，测试中可覆盖以注入打桩响应，从而在不联网、不依赖百度额度的情况下
+     * 覆盖 token 缓存与各错误码分支。</p>
+     */
+    protected String execute(HttpRequest request) {
+        try (HttpResponse response = request.execute()) {
+            String body = response.body();
+            if (StrUtil.isBlank(body)) {
+                throw new HjcOcrException(HjcOcrException.ERROR_RESPONSE_INVALID,
+                        "百度云 OCR 响应为空，HTTP " + response.getStatus(), null);
+            }
+            return body;
+        } catch (HjcOcrException e) {
+            throw e;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new HjcOcrException(HjcOcrException.ERROR_RESPONSE_INVALID,
+                    "调用百度云 OCR 失败：" + e.getMessage(), null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static JSONObject parseJson(String body, String action) {
+        try {
+            return JSONObject.parseObject(body);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new HjcOcrException(HjcOcrException.ERROR_RESPONSE_INVALID,
+                    action + " 响应不是合法 JSON：" + brief(body), null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@code words_result} 形如 {"姓名":{"location":{...},"words":"张三"}} */
+    private static Map<String, String> extractWords(JSONObject json) {
+        Map<String, String> words = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        JSONObject wordsResult = json.getJSONObject("words_result");
+        if (wordsResult == null) {
+            return words;
+        }
+        for (String key : wordsResult.keySet()) {
+            JSONObject item = wordsResult.getJSONObject(key);
+            words.put(key, item == null ? null : item.getString("words"));
+        }
+        return words;
+    }
+
+    /** 100/110/111：token 无效或过期，需丢弃缓存 */
+    private static boolean isTokenInvalid(int errorCode) {
+        return errorCode == 100 || errorCode == 110 || errorCode == 111;
+    }
+
+    private static String describeClientError(JSONObject json) {
+        String error = json.getString("error");
+        String description = json.getString("error_description");
+        return StrUtil.isBlank(error) ? brief(json.toJSONString()) : error + " / " + description;
+    }
+
+    private static String brief(String text) {
+        if (text == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return text.length() <= 200 ? text : text.substring(0, 200) + "...";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 百度云 OCR 识别结果
+     */
+    public static class Result {
+
+        /** {@code words_result}：中文 key → 文本（未识别字段的文本为「无」） */
+        private Map<String, String> words = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+        /** 百度云 log_id，用于向百度云排查 */
+        private String logId;
+
+        /** 身份证接口返回：normal / reversed_side / blurred / non_idcard 等 */
+        private String imageStatus;
+
+        public Map<String, String> getWords() {
+            return words;
+        }
+
+        public void setWords(Map<String, String> words) {
+            this.words = words;
+        }
+
+        public String getLogId() {
+            return logId;
+        }
+
+        public void setLogId(String logId) {
+            this.logId = logId;
+        }
+
+        public String getImageStatus() {
+            return imageStatus;
+        }
+
+        public void setImageStatus(String imageStatus) {
+            this.imageStatus = imageStatus;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/ocr/HjcOcrException.java b/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/ocr/HjcOcrException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d33989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/ocr/HjcOcrException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package com.gxwebsoft.hjc.ocr;
+
+/**
+ * 汇吉采 证件 OCR 失败异常
+ *
+ * <p>错误码有两类，便于日志排查：</p>
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li><b>正数</b>：百度云返回的 {@code error_code}（如 6 未开通接口、17/18/19 额度与 QPS 超限、
+ *       110/111 token 失效、216201/216202 图片格式与大小错误、282102/282112/282114 识别与 URL 抓取失败）。</li>
+ *   <li><b>负数</b>：本平台侧的错误码，见本类常量（取图失败、token 获取失败、响应无法解析、图片不合规、
+ *       未识别到字段）。</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>本异常只在服务端流转用于打日志，<b>不向接口调用方暴露细节</b>：Controller 仍统一返回
+ * 「识别失败或该类型无需识别，请手动填写」。</p>
+ */
+public class HjcOcrException extends RuntimeException {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    /** 本平台侧：取回证件图片失败（我方下载 fileUrl 失败） */
+    public static final int ERROR_IMAGE_FETCH = -1;
+    /** 本平台侧：获取 access_token 失败 */
+    public static final int ERROR_TOKEN_FETCH = -2;
+    /** 本平台侧：百度云响应不是合法 JSON */
+    public static final int ERROR_RESPONSE_INVALID = -3;
+    /** 本平台侧：图片超过接口大小上限，未调用百度云 */
+    public static final int ERROR_IMAGE_TOO_LARGE = -4;
+    /** 本平台侧：图片最短边不足，未调用百度云 */
+    public static final int ERROR_IMAGE_TOO_SMALL = -5;
+    /** 本平台侧：调用成功但一个字段都没识别到（常见于身份证正反面传错） */
+    public static final int ERROR_NO_FIELD = -6;
+
+    /** 错误码：正数为百度云 error_code，负数为本平台侧错误码 */
+    private final int errorCode;
+
+    /** 百度云 log_id，便于向百度云排查；本平台侧错误时为 null */
+    private final String logId;
+
+    public HjcOcrException(int errorCode, String message, String logId) {
+        super(message);
+        this.errorCode = errorCode;
+        this.logId = logId;
+    }
+
+    public int getErrorCode() {
+        return errorCode;
+    }
+
+    public String getLogId() {
+        return logId;
+    }
+
+    /** 是否百度云返回的错误（正数） */
+    public boolean isBaiduError() {
+        return errorCode > 0;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/ocr/HjcOcrImageFetcher.java b/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/ocr/HjcOcrImageFetcher.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32d219f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/ocr/HjcOcrImageFetcher.java
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package com.gxwebsoft.hjc.ocr;
+
+import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;
+import cn.hutool.http.HttpRequest;
+import cn.hutool.http.HttpResponse;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+
+/**
+ * 证件图片取回器：把前端上传后返回的 {@code fileUrl} 取成字节，供百度云 OCR 以 base64 方式上传。
+ *
+ * <p><b>为什么由我方取图，而不是把 URL 交给百度云回源抓取</b>：URL 模式依赖「第三方能抓到我方文件地址」，
+ * 这条链路不受本平台控制，且百度云对 URL 模式还有 {@code 282112}（URL 下载超时，含图片 >3M、防盗链）
+ * 这类难以自查的失败；改成我方取图后，「取图失败」变成可判断、可打日志的本地事件。</p>
+ *
+ * <p>只认 HTTP 200 + {@code image/*}：证件地址若指向 404/HTML（例如文件服务未正确映射路径），
+ * 直接失败而不是把错误页当图片送去识别，避免白耗百度云额度（身份证接口失败也计费）。</p>
+ */
+@Component
+public class HjcOcrImageFetcher {
+
+    /** 连接超时 */
+    static final int CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
+    /** 读取超时：与百度云调用保持同一档 */
+    static final int READ_TIMEOUT_MS = 8000;
+
+    /**
+     * 取回证件图片字节
+     *
+     * @param fileUrl 已上传证件的可访问地址（由 {@code /api/hjc/auth/upload} 或 {@code /api/file/upload} 返回）
+     * @return 图片原始字节
+     * @throws HjcOcrException 取图失败（地址不可达、非 200、内容不是图片）
+     */
+    public byte[] fetch(String fileUrl) {
+        try (HttpResponse response = HttpRequest.get(fileUrl)
+                .setConnectionTimeout(CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+                .timeout(READ_TIMEOUT_MS)
+                .execute()) {
+            if (response.getStatus() != 200) {
+                throw new HjcOcrException(HjcOcrException.ERROR_IMAGE_FETCH,
+                        "取回证件图片失败：HTTP " + response.getStatus() + " url=" + fileUrl, null);
+            }
+            String contentType = response.header("Content-Type");
+            if (StrUtil.isNotBlank(contentType) && !contentType.toLowerCase().startsWith("image/")) {
+                throw new HjcOcrException(HjcOcrException.ERROR_IMAGE_FETCH,
+                        "证件地址返回的不是图片：Content-Type=" + contentType + " url=" + fileUrl, null);
+            }
+            byte[] bytes = response.bodyBytes();
+            if (bytes == null || bytes.length == 0) {
+                throw new HjcOcrException(HjcOcrException.ERROR_IMAGE_FETCH,
+                        "证件地址未取到内容：url=" + fileUrl, null);
+            }
+            return bytes;
+        } catch (HjcOcrException e) {
+            throw e;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new HjcOcrException(HjcOcrException.ERROR_IMAGE_FETCH,
+                    "取回证件图片失败：" + e.getMessage() + " url=" + fileUrl, null);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/service/HjcOcrService.java b/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/service/HjcOcrService.java
index e7bfd43..c822465 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/service/HjcOcrService.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/service/HjcOcrService.java
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ package com.gxwebsoft.hjc.service;
 import com.gxwebsoft.hjc.dto.HjcOcrResult;
 
 /**
- * 汇吉采 证件 OCR 识别（阿里云文字识别 OCR，服务端调用）
+ * 汇吉采 证件 OCR 识别（百度云 OCR，服务端调用）
+ *
+ * <p>实现见 {@code HjcOcrServiceImpl}；供应商细节封装在 {@code com.gxwebsoft.hjc.ocr} 包内。</p>
  */
 public interface HjcOcrService {
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/service/impl/HjcOcrServiceImpl.java b/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/service/impl/HjcOcrServiceImpl.java
index 373e1ff..e43e631 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/service/impl/HjcOcrServiceImpl.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/service/impl/HjcOcrServiceImpl.java
@@ -1,24 +1,36 @@
 package com.gxwebsoft.hjc.service.impl;
 
 import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;
-import com.aliyuncs.DefaultAcsClient;
-import com.aliyuncs.IAcsClient;
-import com.aliyuncs.ocr.model.v20191230.RecognizeBusinessLicenseRequest;
-import com.aliyuncs.ocr.model.v20191230.RecognizeBusinessLicenseResponse;
-import com.aliyuncs.ocr.model.v20191230.RecognizeIdentityCardRequest;
-import com.aliyuncs.ocr.model.v20191230.RecognizeIdentityCardResponse;
-import com.aliyuncs.profile.DefaultProfile;
 import com.gxwebsoft.hjc.dto.HjcOcrResult;
+import com.gxwebsoft.hjc.ocr.HjcBaiduOcrClient;
+import com.gxwebsoft.hjc.ocr.HjcOcrException;
+import com.gxwebsoft.hjc.ocr.HjcOcrImageFetcher;
 import com.gxwebsoft.hjc.service.HjcOcrService;
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
+import javax.annotation.Resource;
+import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
+import javax.imageio.ImageReader;
+import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+
 /**
- * 汇吉采 证件 OCR 识别实现（阿里云文字识别 OCR）
+ * 汇吉采 证件 OCR 识别实现（百度云 OCR）
  *
- * <p>AK 需具备 OCR 服务权限；未配置（占位值为空）时直接返回 null，由前端提示「识别失败，请手动填写」，
- * 不阻断注册流程。</p>
+ * <p>只做「业务映射」这一件事：材料类型路由 → 取图与前置校验 → 调百度云 → 中文 key 映射为
+ * {@link HjcOcrResult} 字段 → 过滤未识别哨兵值。HTTP 细节在 {@link HjcBaiduOcrClient}，
+ * 取图在 {@link HjcOcrImageFetcher}，两层都可独立打桩测试。</p>
+ *
+ * <p><b>不阻断原则</b>：未配置凭据、材料类型无需识别、图片不合规、百度云返回错误码——一律返回 {@code null}，
+ * 由 Controller 统一回「识别失败或该类型无需识别，请手动填写」，注册流程照常可提交。</p>
+ *
+ * <p><b>日志</b>：只记录材料类型、图片字节数、识别到的字段名、错误码与 log_id，
+ * <b>不记录识别出的值</b>（姓名、身份证号属个人信息）。</p>
  */
+@Slf4j
 @Service
 public class HjcOcrServiceImpl implements HjcOcrService {
 
@@ -27,81 +39,165 @@ public class HjcOcrServiceImpl implements HjcOcrService {
     /** 材料类型：营业执照 */
     public static final String MATERIAL_LICENSE = "license";
 
-    @Value("${aliyun.ocr.access-key-id:}")
-    private String accessKeyId;
+    /** 百度云对未识别字段返回的哨兵文本（location 全为 -1/0），按「未识别」处理 */
+    static final String UNRECOGNIZED_TEXT = "无";
 
-    @Value("${aliyun.ocr.access-key-secret:}")
-    private String accessKeySecret;
+    /** 百度云 words_result key：身份证人像面 */
+    static final String KEY_NAME = "姓名";
+    /** 身份证号（百度云为「公民身份号码」，不是「身份证号」） */
+    static final String KEY_ID_NUMBER = "公民身份号码";
+    /** 营业执照 words_result key：企业名称 */
+    static final String KEY_COMPANY_NAME = "单位名称";
+    /** 统一社会信用代码（百度云的 key 是「社会信用代码」，取「统一社会信用代码」会静默取空） */
+    static final String KEY_CREDIT_CODE = "社会信用代码";
+    /** 企业地址 */
+    static final String KEY_ADDRESS = "地址";
+    /** 法定代表人 */
+    static final String KEY_LEGAL_PERSON = "法人";
 
-    @Value("${aliyun.ocr.region:cn-hangzhou}")
-    private String region;
+    /**
+     * 图片大小上限（原始字节）：身份证 8M / 营业执照 10M，按百度云接口页。
+     *
+     * <p>百度云「调用方式」页另称全接口 4M，与接口页冲突；此处按较宽松的接口页取值，
+     * 不因一次未经验证的文档冲突就拦掉前端 5M 上限的既有照片。实测若证实为 4M，
+     * 再决定砍前端上限或加服务端压缩。</p>
+     */
+    static final long MAX_IMAGE_BYTES_IDCARD = 8L * 1024 * 1024;
+    static final long MAX_IMAGE_BYTES_LICENSE = 10L * 1024 * 1024;
 
-    @Value("${aliyun.ocr.endpoint:ocr-api.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com}")
-    private String endpoint;
+    /** 图片最短边下限（px） */
+    static final int MIN_SIDE_PX = 15;
+
+    @Resource
+    private HjcBaiduOcrClient baiduOcrClient;
+
+    @Resource
+    private HjcOcrImageFetcher imageFetcher;
 
     @Override
     public HjcOcrResult recognize(String materialType, String fileUrl) {
         if (StrUtil.isBlank(materialType) || StrUtil.isBlank(fileUrl)) {
             return null;
         }
-        if (StrUtil.isBlank(accessKeyId) || StrUtil.isBlank(accessKeySecret)) {
-            // OCR 未配置 AK（占位），不阻断注册
-            System.out.println("HjcOcr: aliyun.ocr 未配置 AccessKey，跳过识别");
+        boolean idCardFront = MATERIAL_IDCARD_FRONT.equals(materialType);
+        boolean license = MATERIAL_LICENSE.equals(materialType);
+        if (!idCardFront && !license) {
+            // idcard_back（身份证国徽面）与 handbook（授权委托书）只上传不识别
+            log.info("HjcOcr: 材料类型 {} 无需识别，跳过", materialType);
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (!baiduOcrClient.isConfigured()) {
+            // 占位未填：不算错误，注册流程不受影响
+            log.warn("HjcOcr: baidu.ocr.api-key/secret-key 未配置，跳过识别 materialType={}", materialType);
             return null;
         }
         try {
-            IAcsClient client = createClient();
-            if (MATERIAL_IDCARD_FRONT.equals(materialType)) {
-                return recognizeIdCard(client, fileUrl);
+            byte[] imageBytes = imageFetcher.fetch(fileUrl);
+            long maxBytes = idCardFront ? MAX_IMAGE_BYTES_IDCARD : MAX_IMAGE_BYTES_LICENSE;
+            if (imageBytes.length > maxBytes) {
+                throw new HjcOcrException(HjcOcrException.ERROR_IMAGE_TOO_LARGE,
+                        "图片超过接口上限，未调用百度云：bytes=" + imageBytes.length + " limit=" + maxBytes, null);
             }
-            if (MATERIAL_LICENSE.equals(materialType)) {
-                return recognizeBusinessLicense(client, fileUrl);
+            if (!hasEnoughSideLength(imageBytes, MIN_SIDE_PX)) {
+                throw new HjcOcrException(HjcOcrException.ERROR_IMAGE_TOO_SMALL,
+                        "图片最短边小于 " + MIN_SIDE_PX + "px，未调用百度云", null);
             }
+            HjcBaiduOcrClient.Result recognized = idCardFront
+                    ? baiduOcrClient.recognizeIdCardFront(imageBytes)
+                    : baiduOcrClient.recognizeBusinessLicense(imageBytes);
+            HjcOcrResult result = idCardFront ? toIdCardResult(recognized) : toLicenseResult(recognized);
+            if (result == null) {
+                // 常见于身份证正反面传错（image_status=reversed_side）或照片质量差
+                throw new HjcOcrException(HjcOcrException.ERROR_NO_FIELD,
+                        "未识别到任何字段，imageStatus=" + recognized.getImageStatus(), recognized.getLogId());
+            }
+            log.info("HjcOcr: 识别完成 materialType={} bytes={} words={} imageStatus={} logId={}",
+                    materialType, imageBytes.length, recognized.getWords().keySet(),
+                    recognized.getImageStatus(), recognized.getLogId());
+            return result;
+        } catch (HjcOcrException e) {
+            log.warn("HjcOcr: 识别失败 materialType={} errorCode={} fromBaidu={} logId={} msg={}",
+                    materialType, e.getErrorCode(), e.isBaiduError(), e.getLogId(), e.getMessage());
         } catch (Exception e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
+            log.warn("HjcOcr: 识别异常 materialType={}", materialType, e);
         }
         return null;
     }
 
-    private IAcsClient createClient() throws Exception {
-        DefaultProfile profile = DefaultProfile.getProfile(region, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);
-        DefaultProfile.addEndpoint(region, region, "ocr", endpoint);
-        return new DefaultAcsClient(profile);
-    }
-
-    /** 身份证人像面：回填经办人姓名 + 身份证号 */
-    private HjcOcrResult recognizeIdCard(IAcsClient client, String fileUrl) throws Exception {
-        RecognizeIdentityCardRequest request = new RecognizeIdentityCardRequest();
-        request.setImageURL(fileUrl);
-        request.setSide("face");
-        RecognizeIdentityCardResponse response = client.getAcsResponse(request);
-        if (response == null || response.getData() == null
-                || response.getData().getFrontResult() == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        RecognizeIdentityCardResponse.Data.FrontResult front = response.getData().getFrontResult();
+    /** 身份证人像面：回填经办人姓名 + 身份证号；一个都没识别到则返回 null（视为识别失败） */
+    private HjcOcrResult toIdCardResult(HjcBaiduOcrClient.Result recognized) {
         HjcOcrResult result = new HjcOcrResult();
         result.setMaterialType(MATERIAL_IDCARD_FRONT);
-        result.setAgentName(front.getName());
-        result.setIdCardNo(front.getIDNumber());
+        result.setAgentName(text(recognized.getWords(), KEY_NAME));
+        result.setIdCardNo(text(recognized.getWords(), KEY_ID_NUMBER));
+        if (result.getAgentName() == null && result.getIdCardNo() == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
         return result;
     }
 
-    /** 营业执照：回填统一社会信用代码 + 企业地址；企业名称/法定代表人仅作展示提示 */
-    private HjcOcrResult recognizeBusinessLicense(IAcsClient client, String fileUrl) throws Exception {
-        RecognizeBusinessLicenseRequest request = new RecognizeBusinessLicenseRequest();
-        request.setImageURL(fileUrl);
-        RecognizeBusinessLicenseResponse response = client.getAcsResponse(request);
-        if (response == null || response.getData() == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        RecognizeBusinessLicenseResponse.Data data = response.getData();
+    /**
+     * 营业执照：回填统一社会信用代码 + 企业地址；企业名称与法定代表人仅作展示提示（不覆盖登录账号）。
+     * 老版执照可能没有「社会信用代码」，缺失即不回填，由用户手填。
+     */
+    private HjcOcrResult toLicenseResult(HjcBaiduOcrClient.Result recognized) {
+        Map<String, String> words = recognized.getWords();
         HjcOcrResult result = new HjcOcrResult();
         result.setMaterialType(MATERIAL_LICENSE);
-        result.setEnterpriseName(data.getName());
-        result.setCreditCode(data.getRegisterNumber());
-        result.setAddress(data.getAddress());
-        result.setLegalPerson(data.getLegalPerson());
+        result.setEnterpriseName(text(words, KEY_COMPANY_NAME));
+        result.setCreditCode(text(words, KEY_CREDIT_CODE));
+        result.setAddress(text(words, KEY_ADDRESS));
+        result.setLegalPerson(text(words, KEY_LEGAL_PERSON));
+        if (result.getEnterpriseName() == null && result.getCreditCode() == null
+                && result.getAddress() == null && result.getLegalPerson() == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
         return result;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * 取字段文本：{@code null}、空串、trim 后等于「无」一律视为未识别。
+     *
+     * <p>百度云对未识别字段不返回空值，而是返回「无」——不过滤就会被前端
+     * {@code fillIfBlank} 当成有效值填进表单。</p>
+     */
+    static String text(Map<String, String> words, String key) {
+        if (words == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        String value = words.get(key);
+        if (value == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        String trimmed = value.trim();
+        if (trimmed.isEmpty() || UNRECOGNIZED_TEXT.equals(trimmed)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return trimmed;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 最短边是否达标：只读图片元数据（不解码整图），读不出尺寸时放行交给百度云判断
+     */
+    private static boolean hasEnoughSideLength(byte[] imageBytes, int minSide) {
+        try (ImageInputStream input = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(imageBytes))) {
+            if (input == null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            Iterator<ImageReader> readers = ImageIO.getImageReaders(input);
+            if (!readers.hasNext()) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            ImageReader reader = readers.next();
+            try {
+                reader.setInput(input);
+                return reader.getWidth(0) >= minSide && reader.getHeight(0) >= minSide;
+            } finally {
+                reader.dispose();
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.debug("HjcOcr: 读取图片尺寸失败，跳过最短边校验", e);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/resources/application-prod.yml b/src/main/resources/application-prod.yml
index 1073da1..f02256e 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/application-prod.yml
+++ b/src/main/resources/application-prod.yml
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ aliyun:
     access-key-id: LTAI5tEsyhW4GCKbds1qsopg
     access-key-secret: zltFlQrYVAoq2KMFDWgLa3GhkMNeyO
     endpoint: mt.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
-  # 阿里云文字识别 OCR（身份证/营业执照识别），AK 需具备 OCR 服务权限；未开通前为占位值
+
+# 百度云 OCR（证件识别），生产环境的真实 api-key/secret-key 由部署时注入；留空则跳过识别
+baidu:
   ocr:
-    access-key-id: ""
-    access-key-secret: ""
-    region: cn-hangzhou
-    endpoint: ocr-api.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
+    api-key: ""
+    secret-key: ""
diff --git a/src/main/resources/application.yml b/src/main/resources/application.yml
index 57246f8..5e35e29 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/application.yml
+++ b/src/main/resources/application.yml
@@ -105,13 +105,14 @@ config:
   bucketDomain: https://oss.wsdns.cn
   aliyunDomain: https://oss-gxwebsoft.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com
 
-# 阿里云文字识别 OCR（身份证/营业执照识别），AK 需具备 OCR 服务权限；未开通前为占位值
-aliyun:
+# 百度云 OCR（证件识别：身份证人像面 / 营业执照）
+# 在百度智能云「文字识别」创建应用，并勾选「身份证识别」「营业执照识别」两个接口，
+# 再把应用的 API Key / Secret Key 填到这里；留空（占位）时跳过识别，不阻断注册提交。
+# 操作步骤见 docs/百度OCR运维清单.md
+baidu:
   ocr:
-    access-key-id: ""
-    access-key-secret: ""
-    region: cn-hangzhou
-    endpoint: ocr-api.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
+    api-key: oP61trkhmHuii354yY3wFkft
+    secret-key: p3BnWNzxbiUpwoZoQgaH9FtWGpg9mnYx
 
 # 商城订单配置
 shop:
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/ocr/HjcBaiduOcrClientTest.java b/src/test/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/ocr/HjcBaiduOcrClientTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bdf61d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/ocr/HjcBaiduOcrClientTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+package com.gxwebsoft.hjc.ocr;
+
+import cn.hutool.http.HttpRequest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;
+
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * 百度云 OCR 客户端单测：覆盖 token 缓存/刷新、请求参数、字段抽取与错误码分支。
+ *
+ * <p>不联网、不消耗百度云额度：{@link HjcBaiduOcrClient#execute(HttpRequest)} 是唯一的 HTTP 出口，
+ * 打桩子类把它换成预设响应队列。</p>
+ */
+class HjcBaiduOcrClientTest {
+
+    private static final String TOKEN_OK =
+            "{\"access_token\":\"tk-1\",\"expires_in\":2592000,\"scope\":\"public\"}";
+
+    private static final String IDCARD_OK =
+            "{\"words_result\":{"
+                    + "\"姓名\":{\"location\":{\"left\":1,\"top\":2,\"width\":3,\"height\":4},\"words\":\"张三\"},"
+                    + "\"公民身份号码\":{\"words\":\"110101199003077777\"},"
+                    + "\"性别\":{\"words\":\"男\"}},"
+                    + "\"words_result_num\":3,\"log_id\":1234567890123456789,\"image_status\":\"normal\"}";
+
+    private static final String LICENSE_OK =
+            "{\"words_result\":{"
+                    + "\"单位名称\":{\"words\":\"深圳市某某科技有限公司\"},"
+                    + "\"社会信用代码\":{\"words\":\"91440300MA5XXXXXXX\"},"
+                    + "\"地址\":{\"words\":\"深圳市南山区某某路 1 号\"},"
+                    + "\"法人\":{\"words\":\"李四\"}},"
+                    + "\"words_result_num\":4,\"log_id\":999,\"direction\":0}";
+
+    /** 打桩客户端：按队列返回响应体，并记录每次请求 */
+    private static class StubClient extends HjcBaiduOcrClient {
+
+        private final Deque<String> responses = new ArrayDeque<>();
+        private final List<HttpRequest> requests = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        StubClient(String... bodies) {
+            for (String body : bodies) {
+                responses.add(body);
+            }
+            ReflectionTestUtils.setField(this, "apiKey", "test-ak");
+            ReflectionTestUtils.setField(this, "secretKey", "test-sk");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected String execute(HttpRequest request) {
+            requests.add(request);
+            if (responses.isEmpty()) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("打桩响应不足，请求：" + request.getUrl());
+            }
+            return responses.poll();
+        }
+
+        String urlAt(int index) {
+            return requests.get(index).getUrl();
+        }
+
+        HttpRequest requestAt(int index) {
+            return requests.get(index);
+        }
+
+        int requestCount() {
+            return requests.size();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 未配置凭据时_isConfigured_为false() {
+        HjcBaiduOcrClient client = new HjcBaiduOcrClient();
+        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(client, "apiKey", "");
+        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(client, "secretKey", "sk");
+        assertFalse(client.isConfigured());
+
+        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(client, "apiKey", "ak");
+        assertTrue(client.isConfigured());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void token只取一次并被复用() {
+        StubClient client = new StubClient(TOKEN_OK, IDCARD_OK, IDCARD_OK);
+
+        Map<String, String> first = client.recognizeIdCardFront(new byte[]{1, 2, 3}).getWords();
+        Map<String, String> second = client.recognizeIdCardFront(new byte[]{4, 5, 6}).getWords();
+
+        assertEquals("张三", first.get("姓名"));
+        assertEquals("110101199003077777", first.get("公民身份号码"));
+        assertEquals("张三", second.get("姓名"));
+        // 1 次 token + 2 次识别：token 被缓存复用，没有第二次取 token
+        assertEquals(3, client.requestCount());
+        assertTrue(client.urlAt(0).contains("/oauth/2.0/token"));
+        assertTrue(client.urlAt(1).contains("/rest/2.0/ocr/v1/idcard"));
+        assertTrue(client.urlAt(1).contains("access_token=tk-1"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 身份证请求带必填的id_card_side且图片为base64() {
+        StubClient client = new StubClient(TOKEN_OK, IDCARD_OK);
+
+        client.recognizeIdCardFront("abc".getBytes());
+
+        Map<String, Object> form = client.requestAt(1).form();
+        assertEquals("front", form.get("id_card_side"));
+        // "abc" 的 base64
+        assertEquals("YWJj", form.get("image"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 营业执照请求不传id_card_side() {
+        StubClient client = new StubClient(TOKEN_OK, LICENSE_OK);
+
+        HjcBaiduOcrClient.Result result = client.recognizeBusinessLicense("abc".getBytes());
+
+        assertNull(client.requestAt(1).form().get("id_card_side"));
+        assertEquals("深圳市某某科技有限公司", result.getWords().get("单位名称"));
+        // 注意：百度云的 key 是「社会信用代码」，不是「统一社会信用代码」
+        assertEquals("91440300MA5XXXXXXX", result.getWords().get("社会信用代码"));
+        assertEquals("999", result.getLogId());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void token过期后重新获取() throws Exception {
+        StubClient client = new StubClient(TOKEN_OK, IDCARD_OK, TOKEN_OK, IDCARD_OK);
+        client.recognizeIdCardFront(new byte[]{1});
+
+        // 把缓存的到期时间拨到过去，模拟 30 天到期
+        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(client, "accessTokenExpireAt", 0L);
+        client.recognizeIdCardFront(new byte[]{1});
+
+        assertEquals(4, client.requestCount());
+        assertTrue(client.urlAt(2).contains("/oauth/2.0/token"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 缓存有效期按提前窗口缩短() {
+        StubClient client = new StubClient(TOKEN_OK, IDCARD_OK);
+
+        client.recognizeIdCardFront(new byte[]{1});
+
+        long remaining = (long) ReflectionTestUtils.getField(client, "accessTokenExpireAt")
+                - System.currentTimeMillis();
+        long expected = 2592000L * 1000L - HjcBaiduOcrClient.TOKEN_REFRESH_AHEAD_MS;
+        // expires_in=2592000s（30 天），缓存有效期应比 30 天少一个提前刷新窗口
+        assertTrue(remaining <= expected + 5000, "剩余有效期应扣除提前窗口，实际 " + remaining);
+        assertTrue(remaining >= expected - 5000, "剩余有效期不应被额外缩短，实际 " + remaining);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void expires_in异常小时至少缓存一分钟() {
+        StubClient client = new StubClient("{\"access_token\":\"tk-x\",\"expires_in\":1}", IDCARD_OK);
+
+        client.recognizeIdCardFront(new byte[]{1});
+
+        long remaining = (long) ReflectionTestUtils.getField(client, "accessTokenExpireAt")
+                - System.currentTimeMillis();
+        assertTrue(remaining > 50_000L, "expires_in 异常小也不应每次都取 token，实际 " + remaining);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 百度错误码原样抛出并带logId() {
+        StubClient client = new StubClient(TOKEN_OK,
+                "{\"error_code\":6,\"error_msg\":\"No permission to access data\",\"log_id\":888}");
+
+        HjcOcrException e = assertThrows(HjcOcrException.class,
+                () -> client.recognizeBusinessLicense(new byte[]{1}));
+
+        assertEquals(6, e.getErrorCode());
+        assertTrue(e.isBaiduError());
+        assertEquals("888", e.getLogId());
+        assertEquals("No permission to access data", e.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void token失效时丢弃缓存但不重试() {
+        StubClient client = new StubClient(TOKEN_OK,
+                "{\"error_code\":110,\"error_msg\":\"Access token invalid or no longer valid\"}");
+
+        assertThrows(HjcOcrException.class, () -> client.recognizeIdCardFront(new byte[]{1}));
+
+        // 只发了一次识别请求（不重试），且缓存 token 已被丢弃
+        assertEquals(2, client.requestCount());
+        assertNull(ReflectionTestUtils.getField(client, "accessToken"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 取token失败抛本平台错误码() {
+        StubClient client = new StubClient(
+                "{\"error\":\"invalid_client\",\"error_description\":\"unknown client id\"}");
+
+        HjcOcrException e = assertThrows(HjcOcrException.class,
+                () -> client.recognizeIdCardFront(new byte[]{1}));
+
+        assertEquals(HjcOcrException.ERROR_TOKEN_FETCH, e.getErrorCode());
+        assertFalse(e.isBaiduError());
+        assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("invalid_client"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 响应非JSON时抛本平台错误码() {
+        StubClient client = new StubClient(TOKEN_OK, "<html>502 Bad Gateway</html>");
+
+        HjcOcrException e = assertThrows(HjcOcrException.class,
+                () -> client.recognizeIdCardFront(new byte[]{1}));
+
+        assertEquals(HjcOcrException.ERROR_RESPONSE_INVALID, e.getErrorCode());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 识别成功但无words_result时返回空集合() {
+        StubClient client = new StubClient(TOKEN_OK, "{\"words_result_num\":0,\"log_id\":1}");
+
+        HjcBaiduOcrClient.Result result = client.recognizeIdCardFront(new byte[]{1});
+
+        assertNotNull(result);
+        assertTrue(result.getWords().isEmpty());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/service/impl/HjcOcrServiceImplTest.java b/src/test/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/service/impl/HjcOcrServiceImplTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f2412b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/gxwebsoft/hjc/service/impl/HjcOcrServiceImplTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+package com.gxwebsoft.hjc.service.impl;
+
+import com.gxwebsoft.hjc.dto.HjcOcrResult;
+import com.gxwebsoft.hjc.ocr.HjcBaiduOcrClient;
+import com.gxwebsoft.hjc.ocr.HjcOcrException;
+import com.gxwebsoft.hjc.ocr.HjcOcrImageFetcher;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;
+
+import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+
+/**
+ * 证件 OCR 业务映射单测：材料类型路由、中文 key 映射、「无」哨兵值过滤、前置校验与失败不阻断。
+ *
+ * <p>不联网：取图与百度云客户端都是打桩子类。</p>
+ */
+class HjcOcrServiceImplTest {
+
+    private static final String FILE_URL = "https://oss.wsdns.cn/20260101/abc.jpg";
+
+    private HjcOcrServiceImpl service;
+    private FakeBaiduClient baiduClient;
+    private FakeFetcher fetcher;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        service = new HjcOcrServiceImpl();
+        baiduClient = new FakeBaiduClient();
+        fetcher = new FakeFetcher();
+        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(service, "baiduOcrClient", baiduClient);
+        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(service, "imageFetcher", fetcher);
+    }
+
+    // ---------- 营业执照 ----------
+
+    @Test
+    void 营业执照映射四个字段() {
+        baiduClient.result = words(
+                "单位名称", "深圳市某某科技有限公司",
+                "社会信用代码", "91440300MA5XXXXXXX",
+                "地址", "深圳市南山区某某路 1 号",
+                "法人", "李四",
+                "类型", "有限责任公司");
+
+        HjcOcrResult result = service.recognize("license", FILE_URL);
+
+        assertNotNull(result);
+        assertEquals("license", result.getMaterialType());
+        assertEquals("深圳市某某科技有限公司", result.getEnterpriseName());
+        assertEquals("91440300MA5XXXXXXX", result.getCreditCode());
+        assertEquals("深圳市南山区某某路 1 号", result.getAddress());
+        assertEquals("李四", result.getLegalPerson());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 未识别字段的哨兵值无不写入结果() {
+        // 百度云对未识别字段返回字面量「无」，前端 fillIfBlank 会把它当有效值填进表单
+        baiduClient.result = words(
+                "单位名称", "无",
+                "社会信用代码", "无",
+                "地址", " 深圳市南山区某某路 1 号 ",
+                "法人", "无");
+
+        HjcOcrResult result = service.recognize("license", FILE_URL);
+
+        assertNotNull(result);
+        assertNull(result.getEnterpriseName());
+        assertNull(result.getCreditCode());
+        assertNull(result.getLegalPerson());
+        assertEquals("深圳市南山区某某路 1 号", result.getAddress());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 营业执照全部字段未识别时视为识别失败() {
+        baiduClient.result = words("单位名称", "无", "社会信用代码", "无", "地址", "无", "法人", "无");
+
+        assertNull(service.recognize("license", FILE_URL));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 老版执照缺少社会信用代码时只回填其他字段() {
+        baiduClient.result = words("单位名称", "某某厂", "地址", "某某镇 1 号");
+
+        HjcOcrResult result = service.recognize("license", FILE_URL);
+
+        assertNotNull(result);
+        assertNull(result.getCreditCode());
+        assertEquals("某某厂", result.getEnterpriseName());
+        assertEquals("某某镇 1 号", result.getAddress());
+    }
+
+    // ---------- 身份证人像面 ----------
+
+    @Test
+    void 身份证人像面映射姓名与身份证号() {
+        baiduClient.result = words(
+                "姓名", "张三",
+                "公民身份号码", "110101199003077777",
+                "性别", "男",
+                "民族", "汉");
+        baiduClient.result.setImageStatus("normal");
+
+        HjcOcrResult result = service.recognize("idcard_front", FILE_URL);
+
+        assertNotNull(result);
+        assertEquals("idcard_front", result.getMaterialType());
+        assertEquals("张三", result.getAgentName());
+        assertEquals("110101199003077777", result.getIdCardNo());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 身份证正反面传错时没有姓名与身份证号视为失败() {
+        // 百度云此时返回 image_status=reversed_side 与国徽面字段
+        baiduClient.result = words("签发机关", "某某公安局", "签发日期", "20150301", "失效日期", "20350301");
+        baiduClient.result.setImageStatus("reversed_side");
+
+        assertNull(service.recognize("idcard_front", FILE_URL));
+    }
+
+    // ---------- 路由与不阻断 ----------
+
+    @Test
+    void 国徽面和授权委托书不识别且不调外部接口() {
+        assertEquals(null, service.recognize("idcard_back", FILE_URL));
+        assertEquals(null, service.recognize("handbook", FILE_URL));
+
+        assertEquals(0, fetcher.calls);
+        assertEquals(0, baiduClient.calls);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 未配置凭据时跳过识别且不取图() {
+        baiduClient.configured = false;
+
+        assertNull(service.recognize("license", FILE_URL));
+
+        assertEquals(0, fetcher.calls);
+        assertEquals(0, baiduClient.calls);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 入参为空时返回null() {
+        assertNull(service.recognize(null, FILE_URL));
+        assertNull(service.recognize("license", null));
+        assertNull(service.recognize("  ", "  "));
+        assertEquals(0, fetcher.calls);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 取图失败时返回null() {
+        fetcher.error = new HjcOcrException(HjcOcrException.ERROR_IMAGE_FETCH, "HTTP 404", null);
+
+        assertNull(service.recognize("license", FILE_URL));
+
+        assertEquals(0, baiduClient.calls);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 百度云报错时返回null() {
+        baiduClient.error = new HjcOcrException(17, "Open api daily request limit reached", "777");
+
+        assertNull(service.recognize("license", FILE_URL));
+    }
+
+    // ---------- 图片前置校验 ----------
+
+    @Test
+    void 图片超过上限时不调用百度云() {
+        fetcher.bytes = new byte[(int) HjcOcrServiceImpl.MAX_IMAGE_BYTES_IDCARD + 1];
+
+        assertNull(service.recognize("idcard_front", FILE_URL));
+
+        assertEquals(0, baiduClient.calls);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 图片最短边不足时不调用百度云() throws IOException {
+        fetcher.bytes = png(10, 10);
+
+        assertNull(service.recognize("license", FILE_URL));
+
+        assertEquals(0, baiduClient.calls);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 尺寸合法的真实图片正常送识别() throws IOException {
+        fetcher.bytes = png(20, 20);
+        baiduClient.result = words("单位名称", "某某公司");
+
+        assertNotNull(service.recognize("license", FILE_URL));
+
+        assertEquals(1, baiduClient.calls);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 无法解析尺寸的字节按放行处理() {
+        // 非图片字节：不做最短边判断，交给百度云返回错误码
+        fetcher.bytes = "not-an-image".getBytes();
+        baiduClient.result = words("单位名称", "某某公司");
+
+        assertNotNull(service.recognize("license", FILE_URL));
+
+        assertEquals(1, baiduClient.calls);
+    }
+
+    // ---------- 字段文本规则 ----------
+
+    @Test
+    void 字段文本规则() {
+        Map<String, String> words = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        words.put("空", "");
+        words.put("空白", "   ");
+        words.put("无", "无");
+        words.put("带空格的无人", " 无 ");
+        words.put("正常", " 张三 ");
+        words.put("数字下划线", null);
+
+        assertNull(HjcOcrServiceImpl.text(words, "空"));
+        assertNull(HjcOcrServiceImpl.text(words, "空白"));
+        assertNull(HjcOcrServiceImpl.text(words, "无"));
+        assertNull(HjcOcrServiceImpl.text(words, "带空格的无人"));
+        assertNull(HjcOcrServiceImpl.text(words, "数字下划线"));
+        assertNull(HjcOcrServiceImpl.text(words, "不存在的key"));
+        assertEquals("张三", HjcOcrServiceImpl.text(words, "正常"));
+        assertNull(HjcOcrServiceImpl.text(null, "正常"));
+    }
+
+    // ---------- 测试替身 ----------
+
+    private static HjcBaiduOcrClient.Result words(String... keyValues) {
+        Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i + 1 < keyValues.length; i += 2) {
+            map.put(keyValues[i], keyValues[i + 1]);
+        }
+        HjcBaiduOcrClient.Result result = new HjcBaiduOcrClient.Result();
+        result.setWords(map);
+        result.setLogId("1000");
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] png(int width, int height) throws IOException {
+        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
+        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        ImageIO.write(image, "png", out);
+        return out.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    private static class FakeBaiduClient extends HjcBaiduOcrClient {
+
+        private boolean configured = true;
+        private HjcBaiduOcrClient.Result result;
+        private HjcOcrException error;
+        private int calls;
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isConfigured() {
+            return configured;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Result recognizeIdCardFront(byte[] imageBytes) {
+            calls++;
+            if (error != null) {
+                throw error;
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Result recognizeBusinessLicense(byte[] imageBytes) {
+            calls++;
+            if (error != null) {
+                throw error;
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class FakeFetcher extends HjcOcrImageFetcher {
+
+        private byte[] bytes = "not-an-image".getBytes();
+        private RuntimeException error;
+        private int calls;
+
+        @Override
+        public byte[] fetch(String fileUrl) {
+            calls++;
+            if (error != null) {
+                throw error;
+            }
+            return bytes;
+        }
+    }
+}